rstudio - Rmarkdown: pandoc document conversion failed with error 43 because of large number -

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i ran problems while knit pdf in rstudio via rmarkdown. suppose stems many digits value of quoted r variable outside chunk of code.

--- title: "r notebook" output: pdf_document: default html_notebook: default ---   ```{r} x <- 11111111111111 ```  testing `r x`.

error 

! missing $ inserted. <inserted text>              $ l.133 testing 1.1111111\times  pandoc: error producing pdf error: pandoc document conversion failed error 43 execution halted

hope can me out here.

this happens because long numbers transformed scientific notation (like 1.1e11) when printed, , because scientific notation makes use of latex math symbol \times. there 2 workarounds:

  1. disable scientific notation. can done options(). add chunk @ beginning of document:

    ```{r, echo=false} options(scipen = 99) ```

  2. print number in math environment $ (this preserve scientific notation):

    testing $`r x`$.

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